A document with a handwritten autograph of the "furies" of the red terror in the Crimea, R. Zemlyachki

An extremely rare autograph on a letter to the Main Directorate of the Hydrometeorological Service in excellent condition. It contains the handwritten signature of the main organizer of the "red terror" in Crimea, responsible for the destruction of tens of thousands of white officers — Rosalia "Demon" Countryman. From November 1920 to January 1921, she was the executive secretary of the Crimean Regional Committee of the RCP (b). She joined the Crimean Revolutionary Committee formed on November 14, 1920, headed by Bela Kun. M. S. Sultan-Galiev left the following memories about the above-mentioned period of the Countryman's activity: "... comrade. SAMOYLOVA (a fellow countryman) is an extremely nervous and sick woman who denied any system of persuasion in her work and left almost all employees with the memory of the "Arakcheev times". Unnecessary nervousness, too elevated tone in conversation with almost all comrades, extreme demands... undeserved reprisals against everyone who had at least a little courage to "dare to have their judgment" or simply "not like"... When Comrade. SAMOYLOVA in In Crimea, literally all workers trembled before her, not daring to disobey her even the most stupid or erroneous orders. During the first winter of 1918, 96 thousand people out of 800 thousand of the Crimean population were shot by the efforts of Rosalia Samoilovna.

The bloody enterprise lasted several months. On November 28, Izvestia of the temporary Sevastopol Revkom published the first list of executed white officers — 1,634 people, on November 30 the second list was ready — 1202 people. In a week in Sevastopol alone, Bela Kun shot more than 8000 people, and such shootings took place all over the Crimea, machine guns worked day and night. And when the ammunition began to run out, the countryman said: "It's a pity to waste cartridges on them, drown them in the sea." Those sentenced to destruction were loaded onto huge barges that were flooded in the Black Sea. Eyewitnesses recalled: "The outskirts of the city of Simferopol were full of stench from the decomposing corpses of the executed, who were not even buried in the ground. Pits for Vorontsov's garden and greenhouses in the estate of Krymtaev were full of corpses of the executed, lightly sprinkled with earth, and cadets of the cavalry school (future red commanders) traveled a mile and a half from their barracks to knock out gold teeth from the mouth of the executed with stones, and this hunt always gave great prey."Size 150*210 mm.

Traces of binding. Autographs of R. Countrymen are extremely rare on sale. Guarantee of authenticity.

Rosalia Samoilovna Zemlyachka (nee Zalkind; by her first husband Berlin; by her second husband Samoilova; 1876-1947) was a Russian revolutionary, Soviet party and statesman, deputy head of the Soviet government (1939-1943). She participated in the revolution of 1905-1907, in particular the Moscow uprising in December 1905. She became famous as one of the organizers of the Red terror in Crimea in 1920-1921, which was carried out during the Civil War against former soldiers and officers of the Russian Army P. N. Wrangel and the civilian population caught in ties with the White Guards. In 1921, Rosalia Zemlyachka was awarded the Order of the Red Banner for her services in political education and improving the combat capability of Red Army units. Buried in the Kremlin Wall.